Knowing what can access your code as you write it and planning out the scope of access for your code is extremely important when it comes to the security of your code. In order to make sure your code is accessed as narrowly as possible increases the security or your code while decreasing the vulnerability at the same time. Here are the default access modifiers found in C#:
Definition: Class(es) => C# objects
Definition: Member(s) => variables, properties, methods
public: any and all code has access to classes or members which are public
private: the class or member is NOT accessible outside of itself or the class that contains it
protected: the class or member is only accessible by the class that contains it or any class which is a decendant of that class (i.e. subclass)
internal: the class or member is only accessible by code that is within the same assembly (in other words .dll)
protected internal: the class or member is accessible by code in the same assembly (.dll) or by any subclass of that class that contains it.
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